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Children's rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors.〔("Children's Rights" ), Amnesty International. Retrieved 2/23/08.〕 The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) defines a child as any human person who has not reached the age of eighteen years.〔(Convention on the Rights of the Child ), G.A. res. 44/25, annex, 44 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 167, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force Sept. 2 1990.〕 Children's rights includes their right to association with both parents, human identity as well as the basic needs for physical protection, food, universal state-paid education, health care, and criminal laws appropriate for the age and development of the child, equal protection of the child's civil rights, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of the child's race, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, religion, disability, color, ethnicity, or other characteristics. Interpretations of children's rights range from allowing children the capacity for autonomous action to the enforcement of children being physically, mentally and emotionally free from abuse, though what constitutes "abuse" is a matter of debate. Other definitions include the rights to care and nurturing.〔Bandman, B. (1999) ''Children's Right to Freedom, Care, and Enlightenment.'' Routledge. p 67.〕 "A child is any human being below the age of eighteen years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier."〔 There are no definitions of other terms used to describe young people such as "adolescents", "teenagers," or "youth" in international law,〔("Children and youth" ), Human Rights Education Association. Retrieved 2/23/08.〕 but the children's rights movement is considered distinct from the youth rights movement. The field of children's rights spans the fields of law, politics, religion, and morality. == Justifications == As minors by law children do not have autonomy or the right to make decisions on their own for themselves in any known jurisdiction of the world. Instead their adult caregivers, including parents, social workers, teachers, youth workers, and others, are vested with that authority, depending on the circumstances.〔Lansdown, G. "Children's welfare and children's rights," in Hendrick, H. (2005) ''Child Welfare And Social Policy: An Essential Reader.'' The Policy Press. p. 117〕 Some believe that this state of affairs gives children insufficient control over their own lives and causes them to be vulnerable.〔Lansdown, G. (1994). "Children's rights," in B. Mayall (ed.) ''Children's childhood: Observed and experienced.'' London: The Falmer Press. p 33.〕 Louis Althusser has gone so far as to describe this legal machinery, as it applies to children, as "repressive state apparatuses".〔Jenks, C. (1996) "Conceptual limitations," ''Childhood.'' New York: Routledge. p 43.〕 Structures such as government policy have been held by some commentators to mask the ways adults abuse and exploit children, resulting in child poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and child labor. On this view, children are to be regarded as a minority group towards whom society needs to reconsider the way it behaves. Researchers have identified children as needing to be recognized as participants in society whose rights and responsibilities need to be recognized at all ages.〔Lansdown, G. (1994). "Children's rights," in B. Mayall (ed.) ''Children's childhood: Observed and experienced.'' London: The Falmer Press. p 34.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「children's rights」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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